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• Text: java.text deals with text, dates, numbers and messages.

• Image package: java.awt.image and javax.imageio provide APIs to write,

read, and modify images.

• XML: SAX, DOM, StAX, XSLT transforms, XPath and various APIs for

Web services, as SOAP protocol and JAX-WS.

• Security is provided by java.security and encryption services are

provided by javax.crypto.

• Databases: access to SQL databases via java.sql

• Access to Scripting engines: The javax.script package gives access to

any conforming Scripting language.

• Applets: java.applet allows applications to be downloaded over a

network and run within a guarded sandbox

• Java Beans: java.beans provides ways to manipulate reusable

components.

• Introspection and reflection: java.lang.Class represents a class, but

other classes such as Method and Constructor are available in

java.lang.reflect.

Before the release of OpenJDK, the JDK was based on a

proprietary license.

Following their promise to release a fully buildable JDK based on almost

completely free and open-source code in the first half of 2007,cite-ref-4[4] Sun

released the complete source code of the Class Library under the GPL on

May 8, 2007, except some limited parts that were licensed by Sun from

third parties who did not want their code to be released under an

open-source license.cite-ref-5[5] Sun's goal was to replace the parts that remain

proprietary and closed source with alternative implementations and make

the Class Library completely free and open source.

Until December 2010, the remaining encumbered part of the JDK was made

available by Sun then Oracle as Binary Plugscite-ref-6[6] which were required to

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